House Un-American Activities Committee

The House Un-American Activities Committee was empowered for more than three decades to investigate subversive activity in American society. The committee began operating in 1938, but its greatest impact came following World War II, when it engaged in a highly publicized crusade against suspected communists. The committee exerted  a far-reaching impact on society, to the extent that phrases such as naming names became part of the language, along with Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party? A subpoena to testify before the committee, commonly known as HUAC, could derail someones career. And some Americans essentially had their lives destroyed by the committees actions. Many names called to testify before the committee during its most influential period, in the late 1940s and 1950s, are familiar, and include actor Gary Cooper, animator and producer Walt Disney, folksinger Pete Seeger, and future politician Ronald Reagan. Others called to testify are far less familiar today, in part because their popularity was brought to an end when HUAC came calling. 1930s: The Dies Committee The committee was first formed  as the brainchild of a congressman from Texas, Martin Dies. A conservative Democrat who had supported rural New Deal programs during Franklin Roosevelts first term, Dies had become disillusioned when Roosevelt and his cabinet demonstrated support for the labor movement. Dies, who had a flair for befriending influential journalists and attracting publicity, claimed communists had widely infiltrated American labor unions. In a flurry of activity, the newly formed committee, in 1938, began making accusations about communist influence in the United States. There was already a rumor campaign, helped along by conservative newspapers and commentators such as the very popular radio personality and priest Father Coughlin, alleging the Roosevelt administration harbored communist sympathizers and foreign radicals. Dies capitalized on the popular accusations. The Dies Committee became a fixture in newspaper headlines as it held hearings focused on how politicians reacted to strikes by labor unions. President Roosevelt reacted by making his own headlines. In a press conference on October 25, 1938, Roosevelt denounced the committees activities, in particular, its attacks on the governor of Michigan, who was running for reelection.   A story on the front page of the New York Times the following day said the presidents criticism of the committee had been delivered in caustic terms.  Roosevelt was outraged that the committee had attacked the governor over actions he had taken during a major strike at automobile plants in Detroit the previous year. Despite public skirmishing between the committee and the Roosevelt administration, the Dies Committee continued its work. It eventually named more than 1,000 government workers as being suspected communists, and essentially created a template for what would occur in later years. The Hunt for Communists In America The work of the House Un-American Activities Committee faded in significance during World War II. That was partly because the United States was allied with the Soviet Union, and the need for the Russians to help defeat the Nazis outweighed immediate concerns about communism. And, of course, the publics attention was focused on the war itself. When the war ended, concerns about communist infiltration in American life returned to the headlines. The committee was reconstituted under the leadership of a conservative New Jersey congressman, J. Parnell Thomas. In 1947 an aggressive investigation began of suspected communist influence in the movie business. On October 20, 1947, the committee began hearings in Washington in which prominent members of the film industry testified. On the first day, studio heads Jack Warner and Louis B. Mayer denounced what they called un-American writers in Hollywood, and swore not to employ them. The novelist Ayn Rand, who was working as a screenwriter in Hollywood, also testified and denounced a recent musical film, Song of Russia, as a vehicle of communist propaganda. The hearings continued for days, and prominent names called to testify guaranteed headlines. Walt Disney appeared as a friendly witness expressing fears of communism, as did actor and future president Ronald Reagan, who was serving as the president of the actors union, the Screen Actors Guild. The Hollywood Ten The atmosphere of the hearings changed when the committee called a number of Hollywood writers who had been accused of being communists. The group, which included Ring Lardner, Jr., and Dalton Trumbo, refused to testify about their past affiliations and suspected involvement with the Communist Party or communist-aligned organizations. The hostile witnesses became known as the Hollywood Ten. A number of prominent show business personalities, including Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, formed a committee to support the group, claiming their constitutional rights were being trampled. Despite public demonstrations of support, the hostile witnesses were ultimately charged with contempt of Congress. After being tried and convicted, the members of the Hollywood Ten served one-year terms in federal prisons. Following their legal ordeals, the Hollywood Ten were effectively blacklisted and couldnt work in Hollywood under their own names.   The Blacklists People in the entertainment business accused of communist of subversive views began to be  blacklisted. A booklet called Red Channels was published in 1950 which named 151 actors, screenwriters, and directors suspected of being communists. Other lists of suspected subversives circulated, and those who were named were routinely blacklisted. In 1954, the Ford Foundation sponsored a report on blacklisting led by a former magazine editor John Cogley. After studying the practice, the report concluded that the blacklist in Hollywood was not only real, it was very powerful. A front-page story in the New York Times on June 25, 1956, described the practice in considerable detail. According to Cogleys report, the practice of blacklisting could be traced to the case of the Hollywood Ten being named by the House Un-American Activities Committee. Three weeks later, an editorial in the New York Times summarized some major aspects of blacklisting: Mr. Cogleys report, published last month, found that blacklisting is almost universally accepted as a face of life in Hollywood, constitutes a secret and labyrinthine world of political screening in the radio and television fields, and is now part and parcel of life on Madison Avenue among advertising agencies that control many radio and TV programs. The House Committee on Un-American Activities responded to the report on blacklisting by calling the author of the report, John Cogley before the committee. During his testimony, Cogley was essentially accused of trying to help hide communists when he would not reveal confidential sources. The Alger Hiss Case In 1948 HUAC was at the center of a major controversy when journalist Whitaker Chambers, while testifying before the committee, accused a State Department official, Alger Hiss, of having been a Russian spy. The Hiss case quickly became a sensation in the press, and a young congressman from California, Richard M. Nixon, a member of the committee, fixated on Hiss. Hiss denied the accusations by Chambers during his own testimony before the committee. He also challenged Chambers to repeat the accusations outside of a congressional hearing (and beyond congressional immunity), so he could sue him for libel. Chambers repeated the charge on a television program and Hiss sued him. Chambers then produced microfilmed documents which he said Hiss had provided to him years earlier. Congressman Nixon made much of the microfilm, and it helped propel his political career. Hiss was eventually charged with perjury, and after two trials he was convicted and served three years in federal prison. Debates about the guilt or  innocent of Hiss have continued for decades. The End of HUAC The committee continued its work through the 1950s, though its importance seemed to fade. In the 1960s, it turned its attention to the Anti-War Movement. But after the committees heyday of the 1950s, it did not attract much public attention. A 1968 article about the committee in the New York Times noted that while it was once flushed with glory HUAC had created little stir in recent years...   Hearings to investigate the Yippies, the radical and irreverent political faction led by Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, in the fall of 1968 turned into a predictable circus. Many members of Congress began to view the committee as obsolete. In 1969, in an effort to distance the committee from its controversial past, it was renamed the House Internal Security Committee. Efforts to disband the committee gained momentum, spearheaded by Father Robert Drinan, a Jesuit priest serving as a congressman from Massachusetts. Drinan, who was very concerned about the civil liberties abuses of the committee, was quoted in the New York Times: Father Drinan said he would continue to work to kill the committee in order to improve the image of Congress and protect the privacy of citizens from the libelous and outrageous dossiers maintained by the committee.The committee keeps files on professors, journalists, housewives, politicians, businessmen, students, and other sincere, honest individuals from every part of the United States who, unlike the proponents of the blacklisting activities of HISC, the the First Amendment at face value, he said. On January 13, 1975, the Democratic majority in the House of Representatives voted to abolish the committee.   While the House Un-American Activities Committee had stalwart supporters, especially during its most controversial years, the committee generally exists in American memory as a dark chapter. The abuses of the committee in the way it tormented witnesses stands as a warning against reckless investigations which target American citizens.

My Interview - 1164 Words

When I first found out about this assignment I was a little anxious because I didn t know whom I would interview or how my request would be received. As I consider my options I thought it would be best to interview someone that could offer me some insight as to what it is like to be an elementary or junior high school counselor, which are the two age groups that I would most like to work with. With this in mind, I decided to interview one of my son s past guidance counselors. This is a woman that I have admired since the first day that I met her. In talking with her I found her to be a very knowledgeable, caring, and open person. She has been in the helping profession for over twenty years and working as a guidance counselor since 1999.†¦show more content†¦She is a member of ASCA and would like to be more active in the conferences and such, but she doesn t feel that she can take that amount of time away from school. We wrapped up the interview with ‘words of wisdom an d the main thing that she wanted me to know was how important it is for me to know who I am, what I can and cannot do, and not to beat myself up for not being able to be everything to everybody. From this twenty year counseling veteran I learned about a functioning guidance program, the role of the counselor, the amount of time she spends in various components of the program, how to foster a positive relationship with the teachers and faculty, ways to continue to develop professionally, and insight for a future career in school counseling. As I drove away from the school, I felt a mix of emotions such as, intimidation, excitement, and hopefulness to name a few. When I began to try to take in just how much is required and how many people rely on a school counselor it was intimidating. In my mind I began to wonder if it is possible for one person to be that much to that many people and still keep some kind of balance. As soon as the thought passed through my mind, I immediately heard the words of wisdom that had been shared with me, don t beat yourself up for not being able to be everything to everybody. I also reflected on how upbeat the counselor sounded when she talked a bout her role in helping students become the best peopleShow MoreRelatedMy First Interview With Jeff Diveronica980 Words   |  4 Pages My second interview was with Jeff DiVeronica. He is a popular high school and professional sports writer in the Rochester area. I was lucky enough to do my winter internship with him, on the radio, talking about Section V sports. He had a lot of different information that I could relate back to and use in the future. This is someone I definitely want to stay in touch with, and use as a reference in the future. 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Portfolio Management Business Projects

Question: Discuss about the Portfolio ManagementforBusiness Projects. Answer: Business Projects, development Projects, technical Projects are three types of projects. Project manager leads and directs the human resource. He is the mentor for seeing that the methodologies and tools used are right and according to the demand of the task. He evaluates performance and also provides task related training. (Kerzner,2015) Based on their knowledge, experience and expertise project managers are assigned a project whereas a functional manager lacks expertise to be a project manager. Project managers are assigned by the project sponsors to coordinate the project. Generally project mangers report to the project sponsors and inform them about all project requirements. Power does not transfer to the project managers from line mangers unless the organization is set up only for projects. Career path and career growth is easier in line management because project management is slightly difficult; to have successful career path in project management project success is needed. I am more inclined towards having a career path and career growth in line management. Different organizational structure: Hierarchy Having many levels of employees all reporting upwards to their team leaders. Pro- Less communication problem and coordination problem Cons- Can only be applied in small organizational. Flat- Having few levels but the span of control is very wide. Matrix- It combines all employees, both hierarchy and flat organizational structure. It can only be applied for project related organizations.( Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis, 2015) There should be therapy seminars and sessions conducted in every 15 days, it depends upon the type of the project but 15 days is an ideal interval for these sessions. Project manager directly reports to project sponsors. Functional team members report to the team leader, department head and the senior management. They have three to four supervisors above them. Functional mangers report to the head of their department, branch manager and the head of the organization. References Clegg, S. R., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2015).Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Kerzner, H. (2015).Project Management 2.0. John Wiley Sons.

Common Weaknesses and Attacks Associated free essay sample

Common weaknesses and attacks associated with e-commerce and social networking applications Security of transactions is critical in building the confidence of customers in a specified e-commerce site. This security depends heavily on an organizations ability to ensure authenticity, availability, privacy, integrity and disruption of unwanted intrusions. Malicious program known as sniffer programs often disrupt the privacy transactions especially when one uses unauthorized networks. They are found at network connection end points. When transactions are carried out, confidentiality is necessary thus it requires removing of any data showing transaction paths. This has become a common problem in the e-commerce sites. Another particularly common problem facing e-commerce and social network applications is the trojan horse. Back Orifice, Netbus and BO2K are the most common types. They are hacker tools that enable a remote hacker to control, examine and monitor the user’s information. These Trojans are dangerous since they can provide the hacker a platform for sending information and make it appear as if the real owner of the computer has done so. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Weaknesses and Attacks Associated or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This can be a significant risk since cyber terrorism can be easily carried out. E-laundering has become an extremely common issue in the IT world. South Africa, for example, experienced laundering for the period March 1999 to September 2000 where they lost a total of R165. 7 million. This is not the only case. A recent scam was rampant, where a Nigerian wrote a letter posing as a lawyer to a deceased rich man. This is another case where it would be easy for an unsuspecting victim to lose money. Hackers have developed a way in which they can use mobile phones to hack into personal information of the user. This is known as phone phreaking. They often pose as a legitimate voice mail checker and guess an extension’s password. They then forward inbound calls placed to that extension to another location. When the phreaker calls in again, he or she makes calls to any place in the world without the owners knowledge. The owner will pay for the bill. This has become a common scenario and clients may opt to give false numbers to avoid cyber bullying. File transfer protocol is a network protocol that exchanges data and files between a host and a client over a TCP/IP network. Companies often use FTP to share information with other companies. Everyday users also use this feature to download programs and files they use. It is easy for users to share files on this network. However, it is not particularly secure. It does not have sufficient encryption services thus could easily be hacked. Motivation for potential attacks Lack of face-to-face interaction means it is much easier to say things that would cause damage to reputation. Most of the time the statements made are usually blown out of proportion. In many occasions, they do not reflect the picture on the ground. Such vicious acts lead to the image of a company deteriorating and thus e-commerce would be slow. Lack of anti-snipping tools on the computers of users is also a motivator for potential attacks. When one tends to disable the firewall of their computer, it leaves the computer vulnerable to hackers who make take advantage and install Trojans in your computer such that it is easy for them to relay any information they desire. Some users do not install antivirus programs. If they do, they use the weak type. This is dangerous since the common hacker has come up with ways to hack into the system and override the basic settings of the said antivirus. It should be made clear to all using the internet frequently that they should install strong antiviruses such as Kaspersky to maximize the security level of computer. Many clients who use online accounts tend to use extremely straightforward passwords for their accounts. In many cases, they have a password similar to the username of their account. This allows hackers to access their information, which is quite dangerous. Advise clients to change their passwords frequently to make it hard for hackers to gain access to their accounts. Roles such as system administrator, developer, security engineer, and quality assurance analyst for each classification The following are the roles of individuals in the IT department: The system administrator will monitor performance of systems and provide security measures such as troubleshooting and maintenance. He will also help users to diagnose and solve their problems. He will be involved in adding, deleting or modifying user account information and resetting passwords. He will design and put into place systems, network configurations and network architecture. The system developer will analyze requirements for all users in the company including clients. He will research, design and write new programs for the company. The developer will also test new programs and find their weaknesses. He will be responsible for evaluating software and systems running in computers. He will also develop existing programs through analysis and identify modification areas The security engineer will install and manage an organization’s security systems across its network. He will also monitor and react to their output. The quality assurance analyst should be knowledgeable in SQL, HTML, and XML and internet browsers since they will be in charge of ensuring security in the browsing programs used. He should be proficient in web-based and database applications since he will be the one in charge of tracking information of clients. He should be knowledgeable in IT process improvement and various IT quality assurance standards. The business impacts of a successful exploit on a Web application’s weakness E-commerce provides a chance of new models for organizing production and transacting in business models. It provides a platform where business can come up with new ways of payments; making of orders and such activities as the company carries out. The Internet opens up business relationships, extends friendly relations among various economic sectors, allows the electronic market to be accessed to smaller businesses and allows them to target international markets. The strategies and competitive advantages companies and firms in domestic and international markets applied also change. Transactions can be done from anywhere due to the portability nature of gadgets used. Firms are open to global competition, which meaning a better and a wider range of products and services. Importance of identifying weaknesses and motivation for attacks early in the development or implementation process Identifying weaknesses and motivation will be necessary to ensure necessary corrective measures are put in place and systems have adequate security. This will ensure no attacks are experienced. It will also be necessary so as to ensure the customers are provided with the best services possible. Companies which value their consumers will ensure that privacy while conducting e-commerce is top notch and that no fraud will take place.

Roles of Women in Society

GENERAL WILLIAM H. TUNNER AND THE BERLIN AIRLIFT essays

GENERAL WILLIAM H. TUNNER AND THE BERLIN AIRLIFT essays Lieutenant General William H. Tunner single-handedly revolutionized military transport operations of the United States Air Force. His spanned thirty years and included distinguished service in World War II and His greatest contribution to wartime military transport operations were in logistics and mission safety, as well as for his crucial role in re- across enemy territory in Operation "Hump" in 1944. A native of Elizabeth, New Jersey, Tunner graduated from the United Military Academy in 1928, a commissioned second lieutenant, and then in the Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field in Texas. (1) He began as a the Ferrying Command, which grew to become the Air Transport Command under leadership, and later expanded to incorporate naval transport operations as While General Tunner distinguished himself during wartime, he is as remembered for directing a peacetime operation to supply the civilian Berlinthen the world's fifth largest city of 2.5 million inhabitantscompletely by air during the Berlin Airlift of 1948 as for his heroism in battle.(3) At the close of World War II in Europe in the Spring of 1945, Germany jointly occupied by the United States, Britain and France in alliance with forces, administrated by a four-member coalition as an interim government 1. Lieutenant William H. Tunner: A Brief Biography (1997) 2. USAF Museum On-line. (1998) General William H. Tunner. 3. Lieutenant William H. Tunner: A Brief Biography (1997) post-war reconstruction of Germany. Tensions between the three Western and the Soviets arose as a function of emerging differences in their for post-war Germany, culminating in 1948, when Stalin completely cut off and electricity to Berlin, claiming they were due to technical problems. June 24th, Soviet forces cut off all Western access to the city of Berlin, heart of the Sov...

The history of National Parks in the United States Research Paper

The history of National Parks in the United States - Research Paper Example This history is also considered as the history of the people who constantly worked hard to preserve and save the land which they loved throughout their lives as United Sates’ residents. The history of United States’ national parks can be traced as far back as the discovery of Yosemite in 1851. The discovery of this place of inspiring beauty elicited events which led to the legislations that were used to protect and preserve land for future generations. White men who were members of an armed battalion entered the Yosemite Valley in 1851 in search of Indians so as to drive them away from their homeland. Those white men then named the valley â€Å"Yosemite†, believing that it was the name of the Indian tribe which lived in that valley. In 1855, James Mason led a group of white men to the discovery of the valley (Gartner 1986). After failing as a gold miner for years, James Mason believed that he could prosper by establishing and running a tourist hotel in Yosemite V alley so as to promote the scenic attractions of California. Four years later, James Mason returned to the same site, but now with a photographer. Later, other writers and artists travelled to the valley and as a result images and word concerning the valley spread fast across the US. This attracted more tourists who were specifically eager to see the beautiful valley by themselves (Gartner 1986). An editor of the New York Tribune called Horace Greeley then wrote about the valley, saying that if the county of California and other relevant authorities do not take care of the safety of the trees in the valley, then he would be sure to deplore it. He perceived that the value of the valley several years later would be very high if care and caution was taken to preserve it. Therefore, the discovery of the valley served as an important path in the history of National Parks in the United States. By late 19th century, actions of the United States to tame the land had come with devastating co nsequences. Entire species of animals had been destroyed and forests had been subjected to outrageous ravage. All these actions were committed in the name of progress. One naturalist named John Muir then expressed his concerns by categorically stating that the great wilds of the United States of America which were once boundless and inexhaustible had now become invaded and destructed completely. Within this period, there were only a handful of concerned Americans who perceived that national parks were the only structures that were considered as the important means to protect the country’s pristine places. A young politician named Theodore Roosevelt was one of the few concerned people as of that moment. Roosevelt was later to become the president of the United States of America and establish five national parks, 51 bird sanctuaries, four national game reserves, 18 monuments and 100 million acres of national forests. In 1890, there were already four national parks established d ue to the concern of the few people who were determined to preserve the environment. Despite the fact that these national parks were under the guard of the army, they were nonetheless subject to great dangers (Albright 1985). Wildlife in the park was constantly killed; park meadows were overgrazed by livestock; tourists provided means for the destruction of rocks and trees through carvings and ancient forests were not spared either. Although the congress had created the